An operating system (OS) is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. Its main functions include:
1. **Process Management:** Allocating system resources to running programs, scheduling tasks, and managing execution.
2. **Memory Management:** Allocating and deallocating memory space as needed by programs.
3. **File System Management:** Organizing and managing files and directories on storage devices.
4. **Device Management:** Managing peripheral devices like printers, keyboards, disks, etc., and providing interface methods.
5. **Security and Access Control:** Controlling access to system resources and protecting data from unauthorized access.
6. **User Interface:** Providing a user-friendly interface for interaction with the computer system.
7. **Error Detection and Handling:** Detecting errors and taking appropriate actions to prevent system crashes.
8. **Networking:** Managing network connections and providing network services.
Overall, an OS acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware, enabling efficient and organized use of computing resources.
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